Research

This study investigated the empirical effects of workplace human behavior simulation on novice architects' design exploration, as well as the originality and functionality of their design solutions in workplace design. We found that the tool significantly aids in improving both the design process and its outcomes. For this experiment, a human behavior simulation model was developed to compute virtual office users' collaborative behaviors, aiming to understand the impact of path convergence, visual connectivity, and the probability of casual encounters. Comparative lab experiments were conducted with 32 undergraduate and master's program students in architecture at Inha University, South Korea. These experiments, lasting 2 hours each, allowed for a cross-comparison between scenarios with and without the use of the simulation model. Following the experiments, participants' self-evaluation reports were surveyed to measure the impact on design exploration and the generation of office design alternatives. Additionally, four experts were enlisted to assess the creativity of the design outcomes.

Utilizing a Unity-based simulation platform, participants could evaluate how their design approaches affected occupancy ratios and user satisfaction, thereby facilitating the right-sizing of spaces. The simulation also enabled participants to assess the effectiveness of work and collaboration activities by observing path distances, collisions, and bottlenecks to evaluate path efficiency. Furthermore, the simulation provided a deeper understanding of social dynamics by monitoring visual connections and the emergence of casual meetings and social activities within their designs. Accordingly, participants modified and developed their office design alternatives through systematic exploration and validation aided by evidential, analyzed data. Statistical analysis and retrospective interviews indicated that the collaborative behavior simulation model was effective in enhancing students' design exploration regarding supportability of collaboration, visual connectivity, work efficiency, and users' satisfaction. The experts' evaluations of creativity also reflected similar effects. Therefore, it was concluded that using the simulation model enhances novice architects' ability to develop designs that are both novel and of high quality.